Tuesday, July 26, 2016

Kadhaye Illa Machaan!!

Whenever I ask for feedback about a film from my friends, and if I sense that the film did not meet their expectations, I used to be like Kamal in Vasool Raja,

'Nee enna solla pora nu therium, kadhaye illa nu sollapora'.

Our audience apparently consider story to be the garbagriha of a movie and would consider their pilgrimage a waste of time if the garbagriha is closed or invisible. So let me ponder on the following questions. First, does the story have to be essentially the garbagriha of a movie? Second, if we consider the presence of a story so indispensable to a movie, from where does our 'story obsession' come from?

To answer the first question, as far as I know, the story may or may not be the garbagriha of a movie. And the discretion rests solely on the film maker. Story, in other words, can merely serve as an excuse to make a movie. The most passionate of filmmakers make movies not only because they need money to upgrade their car from a Swift to a City, or to move their kids to an international school from a local matriculation, but also to realise the pleasures or pains of filmmaking. Film makers when they double up as writers have more to undergo, which essentially is the case with Tamil cinema. In many ways, film making might be an 'arippu' like how Ajith calls his ‘duty’ in Yennai Arindhal. So here comes the question, why should we audiences, reserving nearly three hours of our precious time and almost a day's salary for a movie do so only to satisfy the itch of an overweening filmmaker?

I can't answer the question quite convincingly but I will make an attempt. The best movies we have seen, at least most of them, have been done by only those filmmakers who have had that itch, managed to satisfy it time and again over the years and yet preserved it from getting healed altogether. Let us take the case of Mani Ratnam's Alaipayuthey. It was a typical 'boy meets girl' story, they make and break and make again. Why did we, especially our middle class conservative women fall for the charm of the film? Was it because Shakti, so typical of our middle class womenfolk, met an Uber cool Madhavan, fell in love and gathered guts to cheat her family only to elope with him and face more worthy trouble? Was it some kind of a weird wish-fulfilment? Certainly not. Look at the scene where Karthik’s (Madhavan) family meet Shakti's for the first time.

Karthik’s father says, 'Naan peria panakaran thaan. Aana yen pillaya ezhai maari thaan valathirken'. 

Shakti's father retorts, 'Naan middle class thaan. Aana yen ponna naan maharani maari thaan valathirken'.

This is how you write characters. A rich fellow takes pride in being outwardly simple due to guilt.  Whereas ask our fathers, who would have got us our first PC in the third year of our college after at least two years of pestering, how they grew us up. They would say we were born and brought up like princes.

The point I am trying to make is, Alaipayuthey, in terms of 'story' is very fragile and easily dismissible. But why did we make a 'hit' out of it? Look at the scene where Karthik tries to pacify an angry Shakti. It doesn't happen in a tranquil place like where Simbu and Trisha meet in VTV. It happens in a heavily crowded railway station like Mambalam. So many people keep crossing the over-bridge where the hero pleads with a reluctant heroine who wants to break altogether with him. It is a matter of life and death. A virtual battle. He fights that out amid hordes of people who, steeped in their own pursuits of survival, cannot keep off from interrupting his desperate endeavours  to win his life back. If anything, you and me would have gone through the most decisive phases of our lives only in places like these. You would have attended a telephonic interview for a high paying job inside an MTC bus where the driver couldn't have helped honking exactly when you were trying to retrieve an answer for a crucial question from among the thick layers of your confused memory.

An ordinary love story, with characters so resembling us, with episodes staged in places where we relate to, obviously with some good music and acting becomes an instant classic among us. So what really, is the role of the 'story'?

Now let me shift to people who still hate Alaipayuthey, not because they hate love stories, but because I still have not proved that it has a 'story'. There are people whom I know who would marry their daughters to men without brains but won't watch movies which don't have a story. Specimens like them help me to examine the unanswered questions I have posed  in the beginning of my essay. Why do we have a 'story obsession'?

Nobody in India, can deny the fact that the first story they came across in their childhood was either from Mahabharata or Ramayana or from other Hindu myths. Indians, just like we are obsessed with music, are in some ways obsessed with story as well. We like getting to know stories, admire and emulate the best characters inside them and love drawing comparisons of our real life narrative with that of the story. But why are Ramayana and Mahabharata alone so popular among us whereas Kalidasa's Meghdoot or Harshacharita are not so? Given our rich heritage of classic literature, why do we know only very few stories?

The reason is that the epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana do not depend upon written texts. Nobody can establish with evidence that the current version of Mahabharata that we all know is the one that was written by Vyasa, centuries ago. The stories of our great epics are mostly hearsay (Sevivazhi kadhaigal). Romila Thapar asserts strongly that the original texts of the Vedas and the grand epics of India since they are almost old by a millennium, would not have survived to this day. Every mythological tale would have been modified either by hearsay or by the whim of the rulers who dominated India's history at various points of time. So my point is, stories that are hearsay alone have the potential to travel across time and distance and survive for eternity. In other words, we Indians, like stories only if we can listen to them or see them. Our hunger for stories does not match our hunger for reading. If we feel like getting to know a story we always choose the easiest mode of imbibing it - either through someone narrating it or acting it out. This brings us to the point where we naturally expect movies, the biggest art form of our generation, to tell long stories for us or perish altogether if they cannot. We people want to learn a story as easily and painlessly as possible, either through a movie or a play, and impress others with our narration of it. A man who knows a lot of stories, true or ridiculous they may sound, easily becomes the most sought-after man in a group. This phenomenon explains easily our tendency to spoil a film for our friends by revealing the most important twists in the story before they had had the chance of watching it. The viewer/listener, by becoming a narrator, tries to claim credit equal to that of an author.

Sunday, May 8, 2016

Vote for 'Us'

'Politics is like that. Everyone is corrupt. You cannot change anything here. This was how it was right from the beginning of time. There will be someone in the electoral rolls who would, in the process of building his fortune through politics, hand something out to me and I would have to vote for him. See Jeeva, come to terms with reality. Nobody is clean. You can't stay without voting. Be practical like us. When five thirsty people are fighting for a single glass of water, you cannot expect them to queue up and take turns. The world is so bad and you may have to slug it out with them even if you don't like fighting'.

This pretty much sums up the mind of the educated middle class voter whom I personally know, under different faces and personas. Some of those I have seen were fuming at the Election Commission which, at some places was denying people the ‘privilege’ of getting paid for votes. A friend of mine, who badly wanted money for his vote was the one who had told me secretly a few months ago, that he whipped his son for copying in his exams. People think money for vote, sometimes could be your birthright.

Some of those who share the aforementioned views about election and politics, must be reminded about a few facts. To those people who assume, that the world has always been bad and rulers have been selfish and as time progresses, we are fast nearing the end of the world which would resemble something like the dystopian environs of Mad Max, let me tell you that you are grossly mistaken. Yes. You are mistaken.

A few thousand years ago. Men were slaves. They could not marry the women of their choice. Even if they did, the bride had to spend her first night with their master. The word ‘salary’ did not make any sense. They had no land. They worked, they slept, they worked, they slept and slept once and for all when they crossed their 30s. They had children who continued where their fathers left. The cycle was endless, or so the ruling classes thought. Government? The landowners and merchants decided their ruler based on whom they trusted to protect their interests. The government guaranteed the right of the master to take the life out of a slave at his whim.

In the next few centuries, men became serfs. A serf was nothing but a slave with a land. He could marry a woman of his choice but was not permitted to leave his land. The appalling working conditions persisted. Women were not allowed outside their kitchens. They could not inherit the land of their fathers or husbands. But man was free, at least on some aspects of personal freedom. He could cook and eat something that he wished, lest he could afford it. There too, a guy like you and me could not choose his governor.

In the next few centuries, men became workers. They could marry women and have children, make them study and try to give them a better future. They worked again like they did during the days of slavery and serfdom close to fifteen hours a day. Even children were not spared from work which the government did not mind. Women were allowed to work. They still had lesser rights than men who were at least allowed to vote.

In the last two centuries, men have remained workers but with 'rights'. The law says he cannot be employed for more than eight hours a day. It guarantees a minimum wage subject to revision based on rising costs of living, a provident fund and pension on some occasions. Women can inherit property, divorce husbands if they want to. Above all, they too for the first time, are allowed to vote. Children, at least on paper, are not allowed to work.

So this is how we have evolved to this day. Okay let me put a question across. How did a slave, who did not even have a right to live, never mind eat or vote, graduate into becoming a worker, who could form associations, collectively bargain, achieve a pay hike, sue his employer if he was fired illegally, bring a country to a standstill by choosing to strike and above all, vote out a powerful government if it did not work for him?

How did he attain so many rights? Did some Messiah like Narendra Modi jump from heavens and liberate the hapless masses from their suffering whenever it went beyond tolerance? Do you people think so?

Every change for the better came from nobody else, but the 'people'. The masses. The collective consciousness. Every individual felt the need for a change in his bones. Every change came, not from people who believed in the immutability of their destiny, not from people who rented their wives to their masters for a night so as to ensure existence, not from people who betrayed their fellow men for an extra slice of bread, not from people who assumed that world was bad and cruel from time immemorial, not from people who thought they were 'practical' and hence wiser than those who think otherwise, not from people who oozed defeatism from every pore of their body believing in some 'fatalist' theory that their religion introduced them to.

You can trust me if I tell you that every right so far attained has been through the 'collective action' of the masses against an overpowering establishment strongly backed by elites and populated by oligarchs. People shed blood, wives lost their husbands, mothers lost their sons and daughters and children their parents. If those martyrs, who sacrificed themselves so that their children would lead better lives come to know of the fact that we people are actually demanding money to cast a vote, I would leave it to you to imagine their reactions.

The most appalling of the facts that I came across recently was that, it was only the educated middle classes who cannot wait for their leaders to pay them for their votes.

'Voter Apathy'

I am not demanding that all our working classes must immediately come to the streets and get ready to shed their blood to achieve a political revolution like how our naxalites fantasize. I admit that our frustration towards the system has not reached such a boiling point.

All I expect from us is a free and honest expression of what we feel about our political establishment. If you are one among those aforementioned voters who are completely disillusioned with the system, you may consider choosing NOTA or you may choose to stay at home. If a considerable size of the electorate decides to boycott voting, it would certainly be viewed with some serious attention and not ignored as 'voter apathy' by the establishment.

You know what 'voter apathy' really constitutes? Refusal to follow politics as much as we follow cricket or cinema; refusal to learn about the history of our main political parties, the stands they took on various issues at various points of time; refusal to care about the consequences your vote may bring upon on others by relying solely on the personal 'benefit' your vote may reap for you. Can our middle classes deny the fact that a sizable portion of them, in spite of their knowing Modi's involvement in Gujarat riots 2002, vote for him because he might raise the income tax slab to 5 lakhs? Aren't we still ready to vote for DMK or ADMK in our constituency if one of their candidates ensure good roads in our vicinity, totally ignoring their dubious record of governance all these years?

Please bear in mind that the overwhelming vote that Modi won on three occasions in Gujarat assembly elections, cast by our Hindus in consolidation, regardless of what consequences it might bring upon their fraternal Muslims, ensured that Muslims remained and remain as second class citizens in Mahatma Gandhi's state. It is difficult to rent or purchase a property if you are a Muslim in Gujarat and Muslim children are treated like Dalits in their schools. On the eve of the 2014 elections, I was advising my friends against voting for Modi on account of Gujarat’s poor record on Child Malnutrition and farm suicides. One of my friends (he was a Hindu), who as usual turned a deaf ear to me, told me that he would vote for Modi because he wanted a Uniform Civil Code so that Muslims would no longer enjoy undue privileges. I am sure that people like him voted Modi to power and I leave it to them to decide on how much blame they would take as farm suicides have increased by 26 percent over the last two years. Can these people deny the fact that among those 26 percent, a majority of them would be Hindus and can a Uniform Civil Code be of any use now?

Subordinating the interests of other communities to that of one's own and choosing a representative based on that is the biggest act of betrayal an individual can perpetrate upon his fellowmen. I personally know a friend of mine who keeps voting for a party because its leader belongs to her caste. If Indians did not vote like that, we would not be having caste or religion based parties throughout India.

So here is my humble request. All these years right from our births, we have never really been allowed to express or choose our personal preferences. We studied engineering because the markets wanted us to. We married women whom we never knew or understood because our parents wanted us to. We pay lakhs to private schools to educate our children because our neighbors want us to. We fornicate on the very first night of staying with our unknown partner, because our planets wanted us to. 

At least now, for once, let us express ourselves with the utmost honesty on an issue that is a zillion times bigger than those in which we never were given a chance to choose. Your political representative has no way of knowing that you chose him for lack of an alternative. Every vote you cast for him, would obviously be construed as a tacit approval for his corrupt practices and as a strong reaffirmation of faith in a system which you people are totally fed up with. The voting machine does not have options to display colors of varying intensity based on how much you trust your representative. It is only binary, win or lose.

Please remember that we were not the first generation to turn 'practical' by inventing the method of choosing the 'least hated one' among the contestants and let us not fool ourselves into believing that such a ‘wise’ approach might change our society for the better. Right from Independence, our grandfathers and fathers have been voting this way successfully ensuring that every ruler of the present belongs to a 'better and improved class of criminals' than the preceding ones. And this is why we are waiting for people of the past like Kamaraj or Gandhi or Shastri to rescue the country from the ever growing destruction we have brought upon ourselves.


Saturday, April 9, 2016

Makkal Nala Kootani and Alternative Politics

On Mar 26, when DMDK announced its decision to ally itself with the People's Welfare Front of 4 parties, irrespective of the kind of responses it elicited from its opponents and sympathizers, something did strike me. There was a third force in the reckoning, for the first time in TN politics which exuded so much confidence that we cynics, were forced to think twice before discounting its potential.

Alternative Politics, not alternative party:
I have, from all my limited political knowledge and observation, managed to sketch a concrete, though substantially inchoate, vision of what I perceive to be the kind of Alternative Politics that we people are rooting for. Alternative Politics, in the first place, if anything, should have a vision, for the future. The vision naturally gives a direction and aids in picking the right ideas towards achieving the end. Under any circumstance, the vision should not be subjected to compromise, leading to a change in its fundamentals. The ideas and direction might be altered according to the needs and changing circumstances. At the centre of evolving ideas towards the end, the ability to place current social phenomena in its historical context assumes paramountcy.

For instance, Koodankulam issue where thousands of people have come out to the streets protesting against the operation of the completed nuclear reactor should be seen as part of the international denuclearization movement whose voices are worth listening to. The international movement seeks to suggest cheaper, eco-friendly, alternative renewable sources of energy along with the ways to realise the end. The vested interests of private nuclear companies who would not assume  responsibility in case of any nuclear  accident, are being targeted by these movements. The removal of liability laws, which were supposed to come into effect in case of accidents, led to faulty design of the reactor by Areva in Fukushima(Japan) ultimately killing thousands of people leading to a mammoth taxpayer effort for the uphill restoration task. In India, as part of Indo-US nuclear deal, we are supposed to buy cheap nuclear fuel, bring delicensed international companies(including Areva) to design reactors for us, generate nuclear power at more than Rs.10 per unit and acquit these companies immediately, in case of any nuclear accident however huge the destruction is, and spend our own tax money for the restoration. These companies have, for decades, been thwarting any attempt on part of the government to evolve alternative sources of energy.

The notorious methane project which has raised so many eyebrows, should also be seen as part of the inexorable Liberalisation Machine which has destroyed and displaced millions of livelihoods in various states like Chattisgarh, Jharkand etc feeding itself on our underlying natural resources like bauxite, natural gas, coal etc. Almost all state governments have been instructed to help and co-operate with the big industrial giants in their acquisition of our natural resources so that the exploitation of the natives of the land goes unchecked. If the names are Reliance, Vedanta, Adani in the North, the methane company in the South has some other name.

With regard to the institutionalised corruption in the state government departments in TN, it is essential to view it as a systemic failure of the ‘tender’ system rather than as an issue specific to our own beloved state. The recent bridge collapse in Kolkata triggered by clandestine IVRCL- Trinamool dealings stand testimony to my assertion.

All issues mentioned above, as enunciated, are not specific to Tamil Nadu alone but very much part of an national/international phenomenon. No single political party in Tamil Nadu has allowed our political discourse to veer beyond our regional limits. These parties especially Dravidian ones have kept shifting the blame for all the ruin to each other without even hinting to our masses, a minor idea of how to permanently clean up this mess. Having said that, it is worth noting that neither the ADMK nor the DMK have voiced their concerns on various national issues which are in turn, central to our own problems, unless these parties had had national ambitions at various points of time.


During the years of freedom struggle, in many sessions of the Indian National Congress, during his presidential addresses, Nehru stressed the importance of locating the Indian freedom struggle on the wide map of the international movement of the enslaved nations against European Colonialism rather than confining our view-finder only to our local problems. Nehru recognised the fact that no local issue is essentially 'local' and no sudden phenomenon is really 'sudden'. Any social or political event however distinct and abrupt they may appear, cannot happen outside the boundaries of space and time. Each event of importance occurring in a particular region, will definitely have its seeds sown either long back or recently in time, and would be either a repetition of an event that occurred somewhere else or part of a parallel phenomenon sweeping the other parts of the world simultaneously. 

Hence the Alternative Politics that I propose in Tamil Nadu must introduce national and international events into its language and discourse, thereby informing and educating people to look for solutions applied elsewhere in the world to their own local problems, effectively eliminating the space for tunnel visioned ethnic, linguistic or other nationalisms.

PWF- The hope?

It is worth mentioning that it was the Left parties in Tamil Nadu who conceived the idea of the PWF, bringing subsequently Vaiko and Tirumavalavan into their fold. They barely drew public attention since these parties were seen as rejects from the long running DMK-ADMK machinery. An unprecedented factor that favoured the non Dravidian parties this time, was that the anti incumbency in TN had not completely translated into complete sympathy for the opposition. Hence the DMDK wielded substantial political power, being increasingly seen as the game changer around whom the fortunes of both the ADMK and the DMK revolved. The delay in the decision to align with any of the popular fronts in Tamil Nadu inflated the hype and attention around the 10 year old party. When, to everyone's surprise, it sealed its deal with the lesser known PWF, the spotlight that followed the DMDK everywhere fell on the unobtrusive PWF as well. It is from here, that the third alternative really looked like taking off, finally.

Having been conceived by the Left, whose progressive ideas have remained unsold to the general Indian public even after having a near impeccable record of corruption-free governance in three States for quite a long time, I expected that the PWF manifesto would contain the foundations of the Alternative Politics that we are terribly in need of. I was disappointed to learn that there was not much in it to cheer. The addition of the DMDK could have given the PWF more firepower, but in the event of them forming a government, the ideologically impoverished party does not hold out much hope.

Let me remind my readers that the UPA-1 which forced the Congress to rely more on its alliance partners did not hike petrol prices a lot of times or trigger so much inflation as it did in its next, relatively independent tenure. The first NDA government led by Vajpayee also had to depend on many other parties for its survival and hence nobody from the central government asked people like me to leave for Pakistan as they do now. Let me reassure you that I am not digressing, as much as I am reminding you of the benefits a coalition government can give compared with that of a single party government. We would not have had an 'Emergency' in 1975 had we voted for a coalition government. So in that way and possibly the only way, the PWF springs hopes for the first coalition government in Tamil Nadu. Let us not forget the fact that no political party has so much innate goodness that, on the event of its assuming the highest power single-handedly without having to share it with other partners, they will spare no effort to render service after service to its hopeful citizenry. In an atmosphere where a winning candidate could not have spent less than 28 lakh for his campaign, a single party government would entrust unhindered power in its hands enabling it, not only to recover the heavy investment but also fatten itself on public money and resources. A coalition in that sense, would at least to some extent, squelch its feeding frenzy.

P.S: All my above arguments are for those who believe in voting and would not miss an opportunity to exercise their so called 'right' and 'power'. I have been called many times by my friends as being 'unpatriotic' and 'traitorous' for abstaining from voting in all the elections. But I always had a far less guilty conscience than theirs. I at least did not play a role in bringing their two DMKs into power as they did.

P.P.S: I am not voting this time as well.


Saturday, February 27, 2016

роЬே.роОрой்.ропு, роиாроЯ்роЯுрок்рокро▒்ро▒ு, роЪிро▓ роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│்

роЬே.роОрой்.ропு ро╡ро│ாроХрод்родிро▓் роЕройுроородி рооро▒ுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роТро░ு роХூроЯ்роЯроо் роироЯைрокெро▒ுроХிро▒родு. роХூроЯ்роЯроо் роЕрок்роЪро▓் роХுро░ுро╡ிрой் родூроХ்роХு родрог்роЯройை роХுро▒ிрод்род роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│ை роОро┤ுрок்рокுроо் роиோроХ்роХிро▓் роироЯைрокெро▒ро╡ிро░ுрои்родродு. роЕрои்род роХூроЯ்роЯрод்родிро│் роЗро░ுрои்род роЪிро▓ро░் 'роЗрои்родிропா роТро┤ிроХ' роОрой்ро▒ு роХாро╖்рооீро░் ро╡ிроЯுродро▓ைроХ்роХு роЖродро░ро╡ாрой роХோро╖роЩ்роХро│ை роОро┤ுрок்рокிропродாро▓், родроХро╡ро▓் роЕро▒ிрои்род роХாро╡ро▓் родுро▒ைропிройро░் роЕроо்рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│் рооேро▓் родேроЪродுро░ோроХ роЪроЯ்роЯрод்родிрой் роХீро┤் ро╡ро┤роХ்роХுроХро│் рокோроЯ்роЯு, роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ை роХைродு роЪெроп்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░். рооாрогро╡ро░் роЪроЩ்роХрод்родро▓ைро╡ро░்  роХрог்рогைропா роХுрооாро░் рооீродுроо் роЕродே роЪроЯ்роЯрод்родிрой் роХீро┤் ро╡ро┤роХ்роХு рокோроЯрок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. роЕроЯுрод்род роиாро│் роород்родிроп роЙро│் родுро▒ை роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░் ро░ாроЬ்роиாрод் роЪிроЩ் роЕроо்рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு родீро╡ிро░ро╡ாродிроХро│ுроЯрой் родொроЯро░்рокு роЗро░ுрок்рокродாроХ рокроХீро░роЩ்роХрооாроХ роЕро▒ிро╡ிроХ்роХிро▒ாро░். рокிрой்ройро░் роиீродிроорой்ро▒ ро╡ро│ாроХрод்родிро▓் роЕроо்рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│் рооீродுроо், рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роЖродро░ро╡ு роХро░роо் роиீроЯ்роЯிроп роЗроЯродுроЪாро░ி родро▓ைро╡ро░்роХро│் рооீродுроо் рокோро▓ீро╕ிрой் рооுрой்ройிро▓ைропிро▓ைропே роЪிро▓ рокாроЬроХ родொрог்роЯро░்роХро│ாро▓் ро╡рой்рооுро▒ை роХроЯ்роЯро╡ிро┤்роХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. роЪிро▓ роиாроЯ்роХро│ிро▓் роТро░ு ро╡роХ்роХீро▓், роХрог்рогைропா роХுрооாро░ை рокோро▓ீро╕் роЙродைрод்родродிро▓் роЕро╡ро░் роЪிро▒ுроиீро░் роХро┤ிрод்родродை родாрой் роХрог்роЯு роХро│ிрод்родродாроХ роТро░ு ро╡ீроЯிропோро╡ிро▓் рокெро░ுрооை роЙроЯрой் роТрок்рокுроХொро│்роХிро▒ாро░். рокாроЬроХ роХроЯ்роЪிропிройро░் роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХрод்родிрой் роироЯро╡роЯிроХ்роХை роиாроЯ்роЯு роиро▓рой் роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯைропிро▓் роЪро░ி роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роЗродு рокோрой்ро▒ родேроЪро╡ிро░ோродிроХро│் роЪுроЯ்роЯு родро│்ро│рок்рокроЯро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роХுро▒ிрок்рокிроЯுроХிрой்ро▒ройро░். родрооிро┤்роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓் роЗрои்род рокிро░роЪ்ройை роХுро▒ிрод்родு рокெро░ிродாроХ роЮாройроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ாродро╡ро░்роХро│ிро▓் роЪிро▓ро░் 'родேроЪро╡ிро░ோрод рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│ை' роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХроо் роПрой் родроЩ்роХро│் ро╡ро░ிрокрогрод்родை роЪெро▓ро╡ு роЪெроп்родு рокроЯிроХ்роХро╡ைроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо், роЕрок்рокро▓்роХро▓ைроХ்роХро┤роХрод்родை рооூроЯро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் родроЩ்роХро│் роХро░ுрод்родுроХро│ை рооுрой்ро╡ைроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░். родேроЪрод்родிрой் рокாродுроХாрок்рокுроХ்роХு рооேро▓் роОродு роЙропро░ிропродு роОрой்ро▒ுроо், рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роОродுроХ்роХு роЕро░роЪிропро▓் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் рокро▓ роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│் рооுрой்ро╡ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроХிрой்ро▒рой.

AFSPA :
1990роЗро▓் роХாро╖்рооீро░ிро▓் AFSPA  роОрой்ройுроо் роЪроЯ்роЯроо் роХொрог்роЯுро╡ро░рок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. роЗрои்родிроп рокாродுроХாрок்рокு рокроЯைропிройро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு, роХுро▒ைрои்родрокроЯ்роЪ роЪрои்родேроХрод்родிрой் роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯைропிро▓ேропே  ропாро░ைро╡ேрог்роЯுрооாройாро▓ுроо் роХைродு роЪெроп்ропро╡ுроо், роОроЩ்роХு ро╡ேрог்роЯுрооாройாро▓ுроо் роЪோродройை роироЯрод்родро╡ுроо், родேро╡ைрок்рокроЯுроо்рокோродு ропாро░ைро╡ேрог்роЯுрооாройாро▓ுроо் рокோродிроп роОроЪ்роЪро░ிроХ்роХைроХро│ுроХ்роХு рокிро▒роХு роЪுроЯ்роЯுрод்родро│்ро│ро╡ுроо் роЕрои்род роЪроЯ்роЯроо் роЕродிроХாро░роо் роЕро│ிрод்родродு. ро╡роЯроХிро┤роХ்роХு рооாроиிро▓роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் родேроЪрокாродுроХாрок்рокிрой் рокேро░ிро▓் рооுродрой்рооுродро▓ிро▓் 1958роЖроо் роЖрог்роЯு роЗропро▒்ро▒рок்рокроЯ்роЯு, роорогிрок்рокுро░ிро▓ுроо் роиாроХро▓ாрои்родிро▓ுроо் рокро▓ рооройிрод роЙро░ிрооை рооீро▒ро▓் рокுроХாро░்роХро│்  роЕроЪ்роЪроЯ்роЯрод்родிрой் рооீродு роОро┤ுрои்родுроо், роЕродு 32 ро╡ро░ுроЯроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு рокிро▒роХு роХாро╖்рооீро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роиீроЯ்роЯிроХ்роХрокроЯுроХிро▒родு.

роЪроЯ்роЯроо் роЕрооро▓ாрой роТро░ே ро╡ро░ுроЯрод்родிро▒்роХுро│் роХாро╖்рооீро░் роХுрок்ро╡ாро░ா рооாро╡роЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓்  роТро░ு роЪோродройைропிрой் рокேро░ிро▓் роТро░ு роХிро░ாроород்родிрой் 100 рокெрог்роХро│் ро░ாрогுро╡ рокроЯைро╡ீро░ро░்роХро│ாро▓் роХро▒்рокро┤ிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯройро░். 1993роЗро▓் роЖройрои்родройாроХிро▓் роЕрооைродிропாроХ роироЯрои்род роТро░ு роОродிро░்рок்рокு роХூроЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роОро▓்ро▓ை рокாродுроХாрок்рокு рокроЯைропிройро░் рокோродிроп роХாро░рогроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓ேропே родுрок்рокாроХ்роХி роЪூроЯு роироЯрод்родி роЕрок்рокாро╡ி роороХ்роХро│ிро▓் 35 рокேро░் роХொрой்ро▒ройро░். 2008роЗро▓் роХாро╖்рооீро░ிро▓் рокрои்родிрокோро░ா, рокாро░рооுро▓்ро▓ாро╣், роХுрок்ро╡ாро░ா роОрой்ройுроо் роКро░்роХро│ிро▓் Mass Graves роОрой роЕро┤ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроо் роХூроЯ்роЯு рооропாройроХ்роХுро┤ிроХро│் роХрог்роЯுрокிроЯிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯрой. роЕроо்рооропாройроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் 3000 роЙроЯро▓்роХро│் родோрог்роЯி роОроЯுроХ்роХрокроЯுроХிрой்ро▒рой. роЕродிро▓் роЪுрооாро░் 500 роЙроЯро▓்роХро│் роХாро╖்рооீро░ிро▓் ро╡ாро┤ுроо் роЙро│்ро│ூро░் роЕрок்рокாро╡ி роороХ்роХро│ுроЯைропродு роОрой்ройுроо் родроХро╡ро▓் ро╡ெро│ிропாройродு, AFSPA роЕрооро▓ுроХ்роХு рокிро▒роХு роироЯрои்род роироородு ро░ாрогுро╡роо் роироЯрод்родிроп рокро▓ рооройிрод роЙро░ிрооை рооீро▒ро▓் роЪроо்рокро╡роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் рооிроХ роЪிро▓ро╡ро▒்ро▒ை роороЯ்роЯுрооே роиாрой் роЗроЩ்роХு роХுро▒ிрок்рокிроЯ்роЯு  роЗро░ுроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ேрой்.

родேроЪிропроо் :
ро╡ро░ро▓ாро▒ு родொроЯроЩ்роХிроп роХாро▓роо் рооுродро▓் роЗрои்родிропா роОрой்ройுроо் роЪொро▓் роТро░ு рокெро░ிроп родுрогைроХ்роХрог்роЯрод்родைропோ роЕро▓்ро▓родு роХிро┤роХ்роХே роТро░ு рокெро░ுроо் роиிро▓рокро░рок்рокை роХுро▒ிрок்рокродро▒்роХு роороЯ்роЯுрооே рокропрой்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡рои்родродு, роЕроЪோроХро░், роЕроХ்рокро░் роОрой рокро▓ роЪроХ்родிро╡ாроп்рои்род роорой்ройро░்роХро│ிрой் роХாро▓род்родிро▓் роХூроЯ роЗрои்родிропா роОрой்рокродு роТро░ு роЪாроо்ро░ாроЬ்ропроо் роОройродாрой் роЕро┤ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. роЪாроо்ро░ாроЬ்ропрооுроо் роиாроЯுроо் роТро░ே рокொро░ுро│் родро░ுрокро╡ை роЕро▓்ро▓, роЪாроо்ро░ாроЬ்ропроо் роОрой்рокродு рокро▓ роиாроЯுроХро│ிрой் родொроХுрок்рокு. роЗро╡்ро╡ро│ро╡ு роПрой் родрооிро┤роХрод்родைропே роЪேро░, роЪோро┤, рокாрог்роЯிроп роиாроЯுроХро│் роОрой рооூрой்ро▒ாроХрод்родாрой் рокிро░ிрод்родு роироо் ро╡ро░ро▓ாро▒்ро▒ு роиூро▓்роХро│் роХுро▒ிрок்рокிроЯுроХிрой்ро▒рой. ро╡ெро│்ро│ைропро░்роХро│் роЗрои்родிропா роОрой்ройுроо் роЪாроо்ро░ாроЬ்ропрод்родை рооுро┤ுрооைропாроХ родроЩ்роХро│் роЖродிроХ்роХрод்родிрой் роХீро┤் роХொрог்роЯு ро╡рои்родு роПро▒роХ்роХுро▒ைроп роТро░ு роиூро▒்ро▒ாрог்роЯுроХ்роХு рокிро▒роХு родாрой் роЗрои்родிроп роЪுродрои்родிро░ рокோро░ாроЯ்роЯроо் родுро│ிро░் ро╡ிроЯ родொроЯроЩ்роХிропродு. роЙро▓роХроо் рооுро┤ுро╡родைропுроо் родрой் роХாро▓роЯிропிро▓் роХொрог்роЯுро╡рои்род роТро░ு рокெро░ுроо் ро╡ро▓்ро▓ро░роЪை роОродிро░்роХொро│்ро│ родுрог்роЯு родுрог்роЯாроХ роЪிродро▒ிроХிроЯроХ்роХுроо் роТро▒்ро▒ுрооைропро▒்ро▒ родேроЪроЩ்роХро│் рокோродாродு роОрой்ро▒ роЕро▒ிро╡ுроо், роХாро▓ройி роЖродிроХ்роХ роЪுро░рог்роЯро▓் роХூро▒ுроХро│ை рооுро┤ுрооைропாроХ рокுро░ிрои்род роХொрог்роЯ, роЪாродி роород рооொро┤ி рокேродроЩ்роХро│் роХроЯрои்род роТро░ு рокро░рои்родுрокроЯ்роЯ роороХ்роХро│் рокроЯைропே роироороХ்роХு ро╡ிроЯுродро▓ை рокெро▒்ро▒ுрод்родро░ро╡ро▓்ро▓родு роОрой்ро▒ роЪро░ிропாрой рокுро░ிродро▓ுроо் роироо் роЪுродрои்родிро░ рокோро░ாроЯ்роЯ родро▓ைро╡ро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роЗро░ுрои்родродு. 'родேроЪிропроо்' роОрой்ройுроо் роЪொро▓், роЕродுро╡ро░ை родроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுро│் роЪрог்роЯைропிроЯ்роЯு роХொрог்роЯிро░ுрои்род роЪிрой்ройроЮ்роЪிро▒ு роиாроЯுроХро│ை, 'роЪுро░рог்роЯро▓்' роОрой்ро▒ роТро░ு рокொродு рокிро░роЪ்ройைропை роХро│ைропுроо் рокொро░ுроЯ்роЯு,  роТрой்ро▒ிрогைроХ்роХ роироо் родро▓ைро╡ро░்роХро│ாро▓் рооுродрой்рооுродро▓ிро▓் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. роиேро░ுро╡ுроо் роХாрои்родிропுроо் ро╡ெро│்ро│ைропрой் рооேро▓் ро╡ெро▒ுрок்рокு роХொро│்ро│ро╡ோ, ро╡ெро▒ுрок்рокு роЕро░роЪிропро▓ை родேроЪிропроо் роОрой்ройுроо் рокெропро░ிро▓் роороХ்роХро│் рооேро▓் родிрогிроХ்роХро╡ோ рооுро▒்рокроЯро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை. ро╡ெро│்ро│ைропройிрой் роЪுро░рог்роЯро▓் роЕро░роЪிропро▓ைрод்родாрой் роХுро▒ிро╡ைрод்родாро░்роХро│். роХிроЯ்роЯрод்родроЯ்роЯ рооுроХ்роХாро▓் роиூро▒்ро▒ாрог்роЯிро▒்роХுро│் роЗрои்родிропாро╡ுроХ்роХு ро╡ெро│்ро│ைропройிроЯроо் роЗро░ுрои்родு роЪுродрои்родிро░рооுроо் рокெро▒்ро▒ு родро░ роЗрои்родிропாро╡ை ро╡ро┤ிроироЯрод்родிройாро░்роХро│்.

роиேро░ு роЖроЯ்роЪிроХ்роХு ро╡рои்родрокிро▒роХு рокро▓ роЪிро▒்ро▒роЪро░்роХро│், роиро╡ாрок்роХро│் роОрой рокро▓ро░ுроЯрой் рокேроЪ்роЪுро╡ாро░்род்родை роироЯрод்родி, роЗрои்родிропா роОрой்ройுроо் рокுродிроп роиாроЯ்роЯுроЯрой் роОро▓்ро▓ா родройி роиாроЯ்роЯு роороХ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுроо்  роЗрогைроп ро╡ிро░ுрок்рокроо் роЙро│்ро│ройро╡ா роОрой்рокродை роЙро▒ுродி роЪெроп்род рокிро▒роХே, роЗрои்родிропா рооுродрой்рооுродро▓ிро▓் роТро░ு родройிрок்рокெро░ுроо் роиாроЯாроХро╡ுроо், 1950роЗро▓் роТро░ு роХுроЯிропро░роЪாроХро╡ுроо் роЕро▒ிро╡ிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. 1952роЗро▓் роироЯрои்род роТро░ு рокாро░ாро│ுроорой்ро▒ роЙро░ைропிро▓் роХாро╖்рооீро░ிрой் роОродிро░்роХாро▓род்родை роХாро╖்рооீро░் роороХ்роХро│ே родீро░்рооாройிроХ்роХроЯ்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо், роЕро╡ро░்роХро│் роироо்рооுроЯрой் роЗрогைропро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை роОрой்ро▒ாро▓் роЕродை ро╡ро▓ிропுроЯрой் роиாроо் роПро▒்ро▒ுроХொро│்ро│ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо், роороХ்роХро│் ро╡ிро░ுрок்рокродை рооீро▒ி рокро▓ро╡рои்родрооாроХ ропாро░ைропுроо் роироо்ро╡роЪроо் ро╡ைрод்родுроХ்роХொро│்ро│ро╡ேрог்роЯாроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роиேро░ு, роХாро╖்рооீро░் роороХ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роЙро▒ுродி роЕро│ிрод்родாро░். родேроЪிропроо் роОрой்ройுроо் роЪொро▓் роЕрой்рокிрой் роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯைропிро▓், ро╡ிро░ுрок்рокрод்родிрой் ро╡ро┤ி роороЯ்роЯுрооே рооுро┤ுрооைропாрой роЕро░்род்родроо் рокெро░ுроо் роОрой்ро▒ рокுро░ிродро▓ுроЯрой் рокேроЪрок்рокроЯ்роЯ ро╡ாро░்род்родைроХро│் роЕро╡ை.


роЬே.роОрой்.ропு:
роЬே.роОрой்.ропு рокро▓்роХро▓ைроХ்роХро┤роХроо் роХாро▓роо் роХாро▓рооாроХ роЗроЯродுроЪாро░ி роЪிрои்родройைроХро│ிрой் ро╡ро│ро░்рок்рокிроЯрооாроХро╡ுроо், рокро▓ родுро▒ைроХро│ிро▓் рокெро░ுроо் роЕро▒ிро╡ுроЬீро╡ிроХро│ை роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХுроо் роЪிро▒рои்род роЕро▒ிро╡ுрод்родொро┤ிро▒்роЪாро▓ைропாроХро╡ுроо் , рокро▓ родро░рокроЯ்роЯ рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│் роЙрогро░்ро╡ுроХро│ாро▓ுроо், роХро░ுрод்родுроХ்роХро│ாро▓ுроо் роЪроЩ்роХрооிроХ்роХுроо் роЪிрои்родройைроЪрооுрод்родிро░рооாроХро╡ுроо் ро╡ிро│роЩ்роХுро╡родை роЕрои்род рокро▓்роХро▓ைроХро┤роХрод்родை рокро▒்ро▒ி роирой்роХு роЕро▒ிрои்родро╡ро░்роХро│் роТрок்рокுроХொро│்роХிро▒ாро░்роХро│். роОрои்род роТро░ு ро╡ெро▒ுрок்рокுрогро░்ро╡ுроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓், ро╡ெро╡்ро╡ேро▒ு роЪிрод்родாрои்родроЩ்роХро│் рооீродு роироо்рокிроХ்роХை роХொрог்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХுроо் рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│ை, роТро░ுро╡ро░ுроХ்роХு роТро░ுро╡ро░் роЖро░ோроХ்ропрооாрой ро╡ிро╡ாродроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роИроЯுрокроЯроЪெроп்ропுроо் роЕрои்род рокро▓்роХро▓ைроХро┤роХ роЪூро┤ро▓் роЗрои்родிропா роОрой்ройுроо் роТро░ு рокро░рои்родுрокроЯ்роЯ роЬройроиாропроХрод்родிро▒்роХு роЪிро▒рои்родродோро░் рооுрой்ройோроЯிропாроХ ро╡ிро│роЩ்роХுро╡родை роиாрой் роХேро│்ро╡ிрок்рокроЯ்роЯு роЗро░ுроХ்роХிро▒ேрой். рооாроЯ்роЯிро▒ைроЪ்роЪி роЙрог்рокродро▒்роХு роЖродро░ро╡ு родெро░ிро╡ிрок்рокро╡ро░்роХро│ை рокாроХிро╕்родாройுроХ்роХு роЕройுрок்рок роЖроЪைрок்рокроЯுроо் роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХроо் роород்родிропிро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо்рокோродு, роЬே.роОрой்.ропு рокோрой்ро▒ рокро▓்роХро▓ைроХро┤роХрод்родை роЗрод்родройை роиாроЯ்роХро│் роОрок்рокроЯி ро╡ிроЯ்роЯுро╡ைрод்родாро░்роХро│் роОрой்ро▒ே роОройроХ்роХு роЗрой்ройுроо் ро╡ிро│роЩ்роХро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை.

роЕрок்роЪро▓் роХுро░ுро╡ை родூроХ்роХிро▓ிроЯ, рооுро▒ைропро▒்ро▒ ро╡ிроЪாро░рогைропுроо், роироо்рокроХрооро▒்ро▒ роЖродாро░роЩ்роХро│ுроо், роЗро╕்ро▓ாрооிроп родீро╡ிро░ро╡ாродрод்родிрой் рооேро▓் роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХрод்родுроХ்роХு роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роХுро░ுроЯ்роЯு родройрооாрой ро╡ெро▒ுрок்рокுрогро░்ро╡ுроо், роЕродрой் ро╡ிро│ைро╡ாроп் роЙро▒ுродிроЪெроп்ропрокроЯுроо் ро╡ாроХ்роХுро╡роЩ்роХிропுрооே роХாро░рогроЩ்роХро│ாроп் роЕрооைрои்родродெрой рокро▓ рооройிрод роЙро░ிрооை роЕрооைрок்рокுроХро│் роЕроЯிрод்родுроЪொро▓்роХிрой்ро▒рой. роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ுроЯைроп роХூро▒்ро▒ை роиாроо் рооுро┤ுрооைропாроХ роПро▒்роХро╡ேрог்роЯிроп роЕро╡роЪிропроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ை. роироо் роХாро╡ро▓் родுро▒ைропுроо், роиீродிрод்родுро▒ைропுроо் роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХрод்родிрой் роХைрок்рокாро╡ைроХро│ாроХ ро╡ேро▓ை роЪெроп்роХிро▒ாро░்роХро│ோ роОрой்ро▒ роЪрои்родேроХроо் роироородு ро╡ாро┤்ро╡ிро▓் роТро░ு роиொроЯி роХூроЯ роироороХ்роХு ро╡рои்родродிро▓்ро▓ைропா роОрой்рой ? роЕрок்рокроЯி роЪрои்родேроХிроХ்роХுроо் роТро░ுро╡ро░் роироо்рооிроЯроо் родрой роЪрои்родேроХрод்родை рооுрой்ро╡ைроХ்роХுроо்рокோродு роЕро╡ро░ை роиாроо்  родேроЪродுро░ோроХி роОрой роЕро┤ைрод்родாро▓் роЕродு роЪро░ிропாрой роиிро▓ைрок்рокாроЯாроХுрооா ?

'рооро▒்ро▒ рокிро░роЪ்ройைроХро│ுроХ்роХு роиீроЩ்роХро│் роЪொро▓்ро╡родு роЪро░ி. роЖройாро▓் роЗродு родீро╡ிро░ро╡ாродроо் роЪроо்рокрои்родрок்рокроЯ்роЯ рокிро░роЪ்ройை роЕро▓்ро▓ро╡ா? роХாро╖்рооீро░் рокிро░ிро╡ிройைро╡ாродрод்родிро▒்роХு роЖродро░ро╡ு родெро░ிро╡ிрок்рокродு родேроЪродுро░ோроХроо் родாройே ?' роОрой роиீроЩ்роХро│் роОродிро░்роХро░ுрод்родு роХூро▒ро▓ாроо். роТро░ுро╡ро░் роЕрок்роЪро▓் роХுро░ு родூроХ்роХிро▓ிроЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродை роХேро│்ро╡ிроХ்роХுроЯ்рокроЯுрод்родிройாро▓் роЕро╡ро░் роХாро╖்рооீро░் рокிро░ிро╡ிройைро╡ாродрод்родை роЖродро░ிрок்рокро╡ро░் роОрой роЖроХிро╡ிроЯுрооா ? роХрог்рогைропா роХுрооாро░் роОрой்ройுроо் рооாрогро╡ро░் родро▓ைро╡ро░், роЕрок்роЪро▓் роХுро░ு ро╡ро┤роХ்роХை рокро▒்ро▒ி ро╡ிро╡ாродிроХ்роХ рокோроЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роТро░ு роХூроЯ்роЯрод்родை родро▓ைрооை родாроЩ்роХிройாро▓் роЕро╡ро░் роХாро╖்рооீро░் рокிро░ிро╡ிройைро╡ாродி роЖроХிро╡ிроЯுро╡ாро░ா? роХрог்рогைропா роХுрооாро░் роЗрои்родிропாро╡ுроХ்роХு роОродிро░ாроХ рокேроЪிропродாроХ роЪொро▓்ро▓рок்рокроЯுроо் роХாрогொро│ி роЖродாро░роо் роиீродிроорой்ро▒род்родிро▓் роЗрой்ро▒ு ро╡ро░ை роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХрод்родாро▓் роЪрооро░்рокிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை. роЖродாро░рооிро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் роХைродு роЪெроп்ропрок்рокроЯுроо் роХрог்рогைропா роЪроЯ்роЯро╡ிро░ோродрооாроХ рокோро▓ிроЪாро░ாро▓் роЕроЯிрод்родு роиொро▒ுроХ்роХрокроЯுроХிро▒ாро░். роХைродு роироЯрои்род рооро▒ுроиாро│ே роОрои்род роЖродாро░рооுроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ாрооро▓் роЕроо்рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│் ро▓ро╖்роХро░் рокோрой்ро▒ родீро╡ிро░ро╡ாрод роХுроо்рокро▓ைроЪ் роЪேро░்рои்родро╡ро░்роХро│் роОрой роЙро│் родுро▒ை роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░் роЕро▒ிро╡ிроХ்роХிро▒ாро░்.

роЗроо்рооாрогро╡ро░்роХро│ிрой் роХோро╖роЩ்роХро│் роЗрои்родிропாро╡ைропுроо், роХாро╖்рооீро░ிро▓் роЗро░ро╡ு рокроХро▓் рокாро░ாрооро▓் роОро▓்ро▓ைропை роХாрод்родு роиிро▒்роХுроо் роироо் ро░ாрогுро╡ ро╡ீро░ро░்роХро│ைропுроо் роЕро╡роородிроХ்роХிрой்ро▒рой роОрой рокро▓ро░் роЪொро▓்роХிро▒ாро░்роХро│். AFSPA роЪроЯ்роЯрод்родிрой் роХீро┤் роироородு ро╡ீро░ро░்роХро│் роЕрок்рокாро╡ி роороХ்роХро│் рооேро▓் роиிроХро┤்род்родிроп роХொроЯுрооைроХро│ை ро╡ைрод்родு роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ுроЯைроп родிропாроХроЩ்роХро│் роЕройைрод்родுрооே роХроЯ்роЯுроХ்роХродை роОрой்ро▒ு роЙроЩ்роХро│ை роиாрой் роироо்рокроЪ் роЪொро▓்ро▓ро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை. 'роЗрои்родிропா роТро┤ிроХ' роОрой роХோро╖ிрок்рокро╡ро░்роХро│ை роХுро░ுроЯ்роЯுрод்родройрооாроХ родீро╡ிро░ро╡ாродிроХро│் роОрой рооுрод்родிро░ை роХுрод்родாрооро▓் роЕро╡ро░்роХро│் роПрой் роЕрок்рокроЯி роЪெроп்родாро░்роХро│் роОройрод் родெро░ிрои்родுроХொро│்ро│ுроо் родிро▒рои்род рооройроиிро▓ைропை роиாроо் роПро▒்рокроЯுрод்родிроХ்роХொро│்ро│ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்рокродைропே роХோроЯிроЯ்роЯு роХாроЯ்роЯ ро╡ிро┤ைроХிро▒ேрой்.

роЕрок்рокроЯி роХோро╖ிрод்родро╡ро░்роХро│் AFSPA -ро╡ிройாро▓் рокாродிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯро╡ро░்роХро│ாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХро▓ாроо். роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ை рокேроЪ்роЪுро╡ாро░்род்родைроХ்роХு роЕро┤ைрод்родு роЖро╡рой роЪெроп்роп роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХроо் рооுрой்ро╡ро░ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ிро▓் роТро░ுро╡ро░் AFSPA -ро╡ிройாро▓் рокாродிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯாродро╡ро░் роОройிро▓், роЕро╡ро░் роЙрог்рооைропிро▓ேропே роХாро╖்рооீро░் рокிро░ிро╡ிройைро╡ாродрод்родை роироо்рокுрокро╡ро░் роОройிро▓், роЕро╡ро░ுроЯைроп роХро░ுрод்родுроХ்роХро│ைропுроо் роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХроо் роХேроЯ்роЯுрод்родெро░ிрои்родு роХொрог்роЯு родроЩ்роХро│் роиிро▓ைрокாроЯ்роЯைропுроо், роЕрои்роиிро▓ைрок்рокாроЯ்роЯிрой் роиிропாропроЩ்роХро│ைропுроо் ро╡ிро╡ாродроо் рооூро▓роо் рокுро░ிропро╡ைроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். роТро░ு роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХроо் роЖройродு, родройроХ்роХு роТро╡்ро╡ாрод роЕро▓்ро▓родு роОродிро░ாрой  роХро░ுрод்родை роТро░ுро╡ро░் ро╡рой்рооுро▒ைропை ро╡ிроЯுрод்родு роЕро▒ ро╡ро┤ிропிро▓் рооுрой்ро╡ைроХ்роХுроо்рокோродு, роЕро╡ро░ை родрой் ро╡роЪроо் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо் рокро▓род்родை ро╡ைрод்родு роЕроЯроХ்роХ роиிройைрок்рокродு роЪро░ி родாройா роОрой роЪிрои்родிроХ்роХро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். роТро░ு роЗроЯродு роЪாро░ி роХроЯ்роЪி роЖроЯ்роЪிропிро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо்рокோродு роЗрои்родுрод்родுро╡ роЕрооைрок்рокுроХро│் роХோроЯ்роЪேро╡ுроХ்роХு роЪிро▓ை ро╡ைрод்родு, роХாрои்родிроХ்роХு роОродிро░ாрой роХро░ுрод்родுроХ்роХро│ை рокேроЪிройாро▓் роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ை родேроЪродுро░ோроХிроХро│் роОрой роХைродு роЪெроп்родு роЕро╡ро░்роХро│்рооேро▓் ро╡рой்рооுро▒ைропை роХроЯ்роЯро╡ிро┤்рок்рокродுроо் родро╡ро▒ு родாрой். роОрои்родро╡ிрод роХொро│்роХைропிрой் роиிропாропроЩ்роХро│ுроо் роЕро▒ро╡ро┤ிропிро▓் рооுрой்ро╡ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроо்рокோродு роЕро╡ро▒்ро▒ுроХ்роХு роЕро▒ро╡ро┤ிропிро▓் рокродிро▓ро│ிрок்рокродே роТро░ு роиாроХро░ிроХрооாрой роЬройроиாропроХрод்родிро▒்роХு роЕро┤роХு.

родேроЪро╡ிро░ோродிроХро│் роОрой்ро▒ роЪொро▓்ро▓ைрок் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родுроо் роироородு роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХроо் 'роОроЩ்роХро│் роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│ே роиாроЯ்роЯுрок்рокро▒்ро▒ு роХொрог்роЯро╡ро░்роХро│்' роОрой рооாро░்родроЯ்роЯி роХொро│்ро│ுроо்рокோродு 'родேроЪிропроо்',' роиாроЯ்роЯுрок்рокро▒்ро▒ு' рокோрой்ро▒ ро╡ாро░்род்родைроХро│் роХாро▓род்родிрой் рокோроХ்роХிро▓் роЕро░்род்род рооாро▒்ро▒роЩ்роХро│் роЕроЯைрои்родிро░ுрок்рокродாроХ роиாрой் роЙрогро░்роХிро▒ேрой். родேроЪிропроо் роОрой்ройுроо் роЪொро▓், роЪுродрои்родிро░ рокோро░ாроЯ்роЯ роХாро▓роХроЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роЕрой்рокிрой் роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯைропிро▓் роироородு родро▓ைро╡ро░்роХро│், роироороХ்роХுро│் роТро▒்ро▒ுрооைропைрок் рокேрог рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родிропродாроХுроо். роЗрой்ро▒ு рокாроЬроХ роЕро░роЪு роироо்рооிроЯроо் ро╡ிро▒்роХ роиிройைроХ்роХுроо் родேроЪிропроо் рокாроХிро╕்родாрой் рооேро▓ுроо், роТроЯ்роЯு рооொрод்род роЗро╕்ро▓ாрооிроп роЪрооுродாропрод்родிрой் рооேро▓ுроо் роироо்рооிроЯை роЗро▓்ро▓ாрод ро╡ெро▒ுрок்рокுрогро░்ро╡ை роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯைропாроХ роХொрог்роЯு роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХрокроЯ்роЯродுрокோро▓ родோрой்ро▒ுроХிро▒родு.

'роЕрок்родுро▓் роХро▓ாроо் рооுро╕்ро▓ிрооாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родாро▓ுроо், родேроЪிропро╡ாродிропாроХро╡ுроо், рооройிродроиேропро░ாроХро╡ுроо் ро╡ாро┤்рои்родாро░்' роОрой рокாроЬроХ роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░் роТро░ுро╡ро░் роПро▒்роХройро╡ே роХுро▒ிрок்рокிроЯ்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒ாро░். роЗрои்родிропா рокாроХிро╕்родாрой் роХிро░ிроХ்роХெроЯ் рокோроЯ்роЯிроХро│ிрой் рокோродு роироороХ்роХு роЗропро▓்рокாроХ роПро▒்рокроЯுроо் рокாроХிро╕்родாройிроп ро╡ெро▒ுрок்рокு роЗрои்род 'рокுродிроп родேроЪிропрод்родுроХ்роХு' роХை роХொроЯுроХ்роХுроо். 'роиாроЩ்роХро│் рокீроХாро░ிро▓் родோро▓்ро╡ி роЙро▒்ро▒ாро▓் рокாроХிро╕்родாройிро▓் рокроЯ்роЯாроЪு ро╡ெроЯிрод்родு роХொрог்роЯாроЯுро╡ாро░்роХро│்' роОрой்ро▒ாро░் роЕрооிрод் ро╖ா. рокாроХிро╕்родாройிро▓் родீро╡ிро░ро╡ாродிроХро│் роЗро░ுрок்рокродройாро▓் рокாроХிро╕்родாройைропே ро╡ெро▒ுроХ்роХுроо் рокோроХ்роХைрод்родாрой் роЗрои்род 'рокுродிроп родேроЪிропроо்' роироороХ்роХு роХро▒்рокிроХ்роХிро▒родு. роЕрок்рокроЯி роТро░ு родேроЪிропроо் роироороХ்роХு родேро╡ைропே роЗро▓்ро▓ை.

ро╡ெро│்ро│ைропройை ро╡ிро░роЯ்роЯிроп рокிрой்рокுроо் родேроЪிропрод்родிрой் рокропрой் роОрой்рой роОрой்рокродை роиாрой் рокро▓ роиாроЯ்роХро│ாроХ ропோроЪிрод்родுроХ்роХொрог்роЯு ро╡ро░ுроХிро▒ேрой். ро╡ிроЯுродро▓ைроХ்роХு рокிро▒роХுроо் роироо் роороХ்роХро│ிро▓் рооுроХ்роХாро▓்ро╡ாроЪி рокேро░் ро╡ро▒ுрооைропிро▓் родாрой் ро╡ாро┤்роХிро▒ாро░்роХро│். роироородு родேроЪிропроо் роПрой் роироороХ்роХு роЪோро▒ு рокோроЯро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை ? 'родேроЪிропрод்родை ро╡ро│ро░்род்родெроЯுрод்родு, роиாроо் рокாроХிро╕்родாройைропுроо் родோро▒்роХроЯிрод்родு, роЗрои்родிроп рооுро╕்ро▓ிроо்роХро│ைропுроо் роЕроЯроХ்роХிро╡ிроЯ்роЯு роиிрой்ро▒ாро▓், роОро▓்ро▓ா роХாро▓ி ро╡ропிро▒ுроХро│ுроХ்роХுроо் роЪோро▒ு роХிроЯைрод்родுро╡ிроЯுрооா ?' роОрой роХேроЯ்роЯாро░் роЕро░ுрои்родродி ро░ாроп்.

роЪுродрои்родிро░роо் роЕроЯைрои்род рокிрой்рокு, роЗрои்родிропா, роОроХிрок்родு. роЪீройா, роЗрои்родோройேроЪிропா роОрой рокро▓ ро╡ிроЯுродро▓ை роЕроЯைрои்род роЪுрооாро░் 50роХ்роХுроо் рооேро▒்рокроЯ்роЯ роиாроЯுроХро│ை роОро▓்ро▓ாроо் роТро░ுроЩ்роХிрогைрод்родு NAM (NON ALIGNED MOVEMENT) роОрой்ройுроо் рооாрокெро░ுроо் роХூроЯ்роЯிропроХ்роХрод்родை роиேро░ு роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХிройாро░். роРро░ோрок்рокாро╡ிроЯроо் роЕроЯிрооைрок்рокроЯ்роЯிро░ுрои்род роОро▓்ро▓ா роиாроЯுроХро│ுроо் роТро░ே роиாроЯு рокோро▓் роХைроХோро░்род்родு, родроЩ்роХро│் рооுродро▓் роОродிро░ிропாрой ро╡ро▒ுрооைропை роТро┤ிроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ройுроо் роЙропро░ிроп роХொро│்роХைропோроЯு роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХрокроЯ்роЯродு роЕрои்род роХூроЯ்роЯிропроХ்роХроо். роЕроо்рооாроиாроЯுроХро│ிро▓் ропாро░ுроо் родேроЪிропроо், роиாроЯ்роЯுрок்рокро▒்ро▒ு роОрой рокро┤ைроп роХродைроХро│ைропே рокேроЪிроХ்роХொрог்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை.

роиாроЯுроХро│், рооாроиிро▓роЩ்роХро│், роироХро░роЩ்роХро│் роОрой роЗро▒ைро╡рой் роироо்рооை рокிро░ிрод்родு рокроЯைроХ்роХро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை. роЗро╡்ро╡ுро▓роХрод்родிро▓் родро▒்роЪெропро▓ாроХ рокிро▒роХ்роХுроо் роТро╡்ро╡ொро░ு роЙропிро░ுроХ்роХுроо் родрой் роЪுро▒்ро▒род்родை рокாродிроХ்роХாрод ро╡роХைропிро▓் родрой ро╡ிро░ுрок்рокроо் рокோро▓் рооுро┤ு роЪுродрои்родிро░род்родுроЯрой் ро╡ாро┤ роЙро░ிрооை роЙрог்роЯு. рооройிродро░்роХро│் роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХிроп роЕро░роЪாроЩ்роХроо், роиாроЯு рокோрой்ро▒ роЪெропро▒்роХை роЪроЯ்роЯроХроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுро│் роЕро╡்ро╡ுропிро░்роХро│் родроо்рооை рокொро░ுрод்родிроХ்роХொро│்ро│ ро╡ேрог்роЯிроп роЕро╡роЪிропрооுроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ை. роЗродு роХாро╖்рооீро░ுроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுрои்родுроо் родрооிро┤роХрод்родுроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுрои்родுроо்.

роЪுро░рог்роЯுрокро╡ройுроХ்роХு роиாроЯு роТро░ு рокொро░ுроЯ்роЯு роЕро▓்ро▓.ро╣ிроЯ்ро▓ро░் рокோро▓рои்родு, роЖро╕்родிро░ிропா рокோрой்ро▒ ро╡ேро▒ு роиாроЯ்роЯுроороХ்роХро│ை роороЯ்роЯுроо் роХொро▓்ро▓ро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை. родрой் роиாроЯ்роЯு роороХ்роХро│ாрой ро▓роЯ்роЪроХ்роХрогроХ்роХாрой ропூродро░்роХро│ைропுроо் роЪேро░்род்родு родாрой் роХொрой்ро▒ு роХுро╡ிрод்родாро░். роЙро▓роХрод்родிро▒்роХு родேроЪிропроо் роОрой்ройுроо் рокாроЯрод்родை рокро░рок்рокிропро╡ро░ுроо் роЕро╡ро░்родாрой்.

родேроЪрокро▒்ро▒ு :
'роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு родேроЪрокро▒்ро▒ே роЗро▓்ро▓ைропா?' роОрой роОрой்ройிроЯроо் роХேроЯ்роХாродீро░்роХро│். роиாрой் роОрой் рокிро┤ைрок்рокிро▒்роХாроХ рокிро░ெроЮ்роЪு роиிро▒ுро╡ройрод்родிро▓் роТро░ு роиாро│ைроХ்роХு 11 роорогிроиேро░роо் ро╡ேро▓ை рокாро░்рок்рокро╡рой். роХூро▓ிропை  рооிроЪ்роЪрок்рокроЯுрод்род роОрой் рооро▓ிро╡ாрой роЙро┤ைрок்рокை роХроЯро▓் роХроЯрои்родு роХро╡ро░்рои்родு рокோроХ ро╡рои்родிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒ாрой் рокிро░ெроЮ்роЪுроХ்роХாро░рой். роХூро▓ி роХுроЯுрок்рокро╡ройுроХ்роХு роЗро▓்ро▓ாрод родேроЪрокро▒்ро▒ு роЙро┤ைроХ்роХுроо் роОройроХ்роХு роОродро▒்роХு ?

Saturday, February 6, 2016

Visaranai - Movie Review

Sounds of lathis brushing with bones through layers of flesh; wails and groans piercing the wooden divides in a police station which looks so Indian, so seedy. There is barely a visible effort to tile or smoothen the floors on which the heads lay, with bodies suspended from ceilings. In some ways, the setting looks like a slaughter house with eviscerated carcasses of animals being treated by their indifferent butchers. There is blood, more sound and the butchers here are cops, the custodians of law and order.. Wait wait.. The butchers here are the Ins, ettu and saars. An interrogation is on and all the effort and trouble is not to obtain truth from the accused, if you think so. Instead, all they need is .. a lie.

Visaranai, when I saw the trailers some years ago, caught my attention since it was supposed to be about custodial torture. But I was not waiting for the film badly to catch it as soon as possible because it looked like it dealt with a world which I thought I had nothing to do with. I had read myriads of instances of innocent people being tortured to confess to crimes they had no knowledge about, but these were news items which barely made headlines. I had little care towards them, just like our own newsmen. But when the show was over yesterday and I was walking alone at 10 pm, something inside me shuddered at the sight of a blinking multi-color light dispenser at the top of a white SUV. It was a harmless police vehicle that was supposed to be guarding my streets. The shudder was instinctive and its seeds had probably been sown during a scene from the movie which had a policeman requesting a resident of a middle class neighborhood to quit being curious for their own safety, because a 'police operation' was on. (Watch the movie to learn more about it) All I had realised was that it could happen in my neighborhood and probably it has been happening all these years in my calm and settled vicinity.

I am still talking about the impact the film made on me rather than film making aspects which should have been the fulcrum of any movie review. What I still cannot shake off from me is the feeling that the villains(cops) in the film were not Pandyas of Kaaka kaaka or Vinayaks of Mankathas. Most of them here had pot bellies, weak arms and greying moustaches and receding hairlines. Can police-uncles in my vicinity conceal so much cruelty and heinousness beneath their weak and ordinary profiles?

Vetrimaran uses brute force much like his former colleague Bala to infuse his scenes in the first half with the much needed intensity to make us wince in our seats whenever a blow falls on the knuckles of the protagonist. The empathy hence is easily won, that I wanted to whistle for Dinesh when he walks in front, out of his row to face the menacing inspector who wants to know who gave the idea of fasting as a symbol of resistance. But the 'brute force' employed by the director recedes to the background in the second round 'post- lunch' session with Dinesh standing up each time, after a blow, to save his friends from the brutality of palm - branch torture. Here the craft of Maran takes over and so seamlessly melds with the now second fiddling 'brute force' to create a stirring stanza of cinematic poetry that weaves violence and values into a single fabric.

One of the main reasons why so much goes well in the first half is the contentedness to remain focused on one specific domain. The innocent migrant workers of a town versus the scheming local police. The detailing is precise and rhythm, razor sharp. In the second half, Maran transports the protagonists into a wider canvas where they are meant to be part of a state conspiracy whose scale and repercussions would be historical. It is here the messianic intentions of the director try coming to the forefront as he wishes to deliver a strong, far-reaching, univerally relevant social message. The use of the words 'System' by the local cops looked totally out of place with them and more in sync with Vetrimaran, who was speaking against globalisation in a television interview, a few years ago. The narrative, in the process shifts to the details of the conspiracy and loses its protagonists altogether for sometime. This kind of inconsistency in the writing is made pardonable by how well these scenes are staged. Samuthirakani must be given credit for acing the character that houses a troubled soul inside a benevolent body. He preserves so much of his 'Dayalan' goodness of his Saattai days and tempers it with the angst of 'Kadamai Kanniyam Kattupadu' Satyaraj.

I could not appreciate the humor of the Murugadoss character even if it was for comic relief. It is one thing for the protagonists to have moved on from all the trauma and another to make fun of it, which should surely have needed much more time. But I felt like someone in the sets had reminded the morbid Maran to remind his invested audience that all this was 'just cinema' and not to take it too seriously, just like our neighbor uncle who winked at us children who turned 'wide-eyed' serious at his antics. But the genuine moment of laughter came for me at Murugadoss ordering leg pieces forgetful of his lost teeth. This was a Chaplinesque moment where the audience is supposed to laugh first, then check and think about the tragedy.

These minor issues apart, I could read Maran's intention to have chosen this story among many others, for a film-  for its voice against the overpowering hypocritical State. The State, even in a Democratic setup cannot shed its die hard tendencies to operate as an 'infallible' Patriarch who wields a menacing bludgeon to force its hapless citizens into submission whenever it finds them straying the line of arbitrary righteousness. The climactic sequence of Samuthirakani trying to recover the gun from Dinesh resembles that of a father who is in pursuit of an adamant kid who would not surrender his toy. The State has no languages, no religion and no other tangible bound that would check its intrusive influence. When the Telugu inspector cries 'Tamil aalungala patthi theriaadha' with so much condescension, the audience sent out something like a war cry as a defense for their language. I could see that director smiling with the tongue firmly in the cheek, waiting to unleash his bag of final tricks allowing the audience to wallow in their temporary victory, when the Tamil cop saves the protagonists. When Murugadoss says he loves working in a Tamilnadu police station compared to that belonging to Andhra, the audience cheered but I was bracing myself up. When the reliable Tamil cops turn towards their own 'compatriots' in the climax, the theatre was stunned into silence.

 'Absolute Power corrupts absolutely'.